{"id":4569,"date":"2023-09-16T01:14:06","date_gmt":"2023-09-15T17:14:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gptno1.com\/?p=4569"},"modified":"2023-09-16T14:59:48","modified_gmt":"2023-09-16T06:59:48","slug":"%e5%8d%97%e6%a5%b5%e3%81%ab%e6%8c%91%e3%82%93%e3%81%a0%e5%86%92%e9%99%ba%e8%80%85%e3%81%9f%e3%81%a1%e3%81%ae%e6%ad%b4%e5%8f%b2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gptno1.com\/?p=4569","title":{"rendered":"\u5357\u6975\u5192\u96aa\u8005\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6545\u4e8b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hatena-fotolife\" title=\"f:id:titioya:20150802121549j:plain\" src=\"https:\/\/gptno1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20150802121549-1.jpg\" alt=\"f:id:titioya:20150802121549j:plain\" width=\"504\" 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title=\"f:id:titioya:20150802121824j:plain\" src=\"https:\/\/gptno1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20150802121824.jpg\" alt=\"f:id:titioya:20150802121824j:plain\" width=\"463\" 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Cook\uff09\u63a2\u7d22\u5357\u6975\u5708\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u9054\u5230\u5357\u7def60\u5ea6\u7dda\uff0c\u4f46\u7121\u6cd5\u524d\u9032\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f97\u51fa\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a&#8221;\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u9019\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6709\u5927\u9678\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c07\u88ab\u51b0\u96ea\u5c01\u9589\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u9032\u5165\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u50f9\u503c\u65b9\u9762\u6beb\u7121\u610f\u7fa9\u3002&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"\uff12-\u5357\u6975\u5927\u9678\u306e\u767a\u898b\">\u5357\u6975\u5927\u9678\u7684\u767c\u73fe<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hatena-fotolife\" title=\"f:id:titioya:20150807165305j:plain\" src=\"https:\/\/gptno1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20150807165305.jpg\" alt=\"f:id:titioya:20150807165305j:plain\" width=\"427\" 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\/><\/p>\n<p>\u8c9d\u6797\u65af\u8c6a\u68ee\u5f9e\u5357\u975e\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u65bc1820\u5e741\u670828\u65e5\u62b5\u9054\u82ac\u5e03\u723e\u51b0\u5ddd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1\u670830\u65e5\uff0c\u5e03\u862d\u65af\u83f2\u723e\u5fb7\u62b5\u9054\u4e86\u7279\u91cc\u5c3c\u8482\u534a\u5cf6\u7684\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u4e00\u5074\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e15\u723e\u9ed8\u5247\u57281820\u5e7411\u6708\u62b5\u9054\u7279\u91cc\u5c3c\u8482\u534a\u5cf6\u7684\u5357\u90e8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65e5\u671f\u662f\u5426\u78ba\u5be6\u6e96\u78ba\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u5011\u62b5\u9054\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u662f&#8221;\u5927\u9678&#8221;\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u5cf6\u5dbc\u6216\u51b0\u5ddd\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u90fd\u4e0d\u592a\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728\u722d\u8b70\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u9996\u6b21\u767b\u9678\u5357\u6975<\/h2>\n<p>\u64da\u8aaa\u9996\u6b21\u767b\u9678\u5357\u6975\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u6c34\u624b\u7d04\u7ff0\u00b7\u6234\u7dad\u65af\uff08John Davis\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u767c\u751f\u57281821\u5e742\u67087\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u7570\u8ad6\u3002\u4eba\u5011\u722d\u8ad6\u7684\u7126\u9ede\u5728\u65bc\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u771f\u6b63\u767b\u9678\u5728\u5927\u9678\u4e0a\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u500b\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u4ed6\u5df2\u7d93\u5230\u9054\u90a3\u88e1\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u5cf6\u5dbc\u4e5f\u6c92\u95dc\u4fc2&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5f8c\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u63a2\u96aa\u5bb6\u7d1b\u7d1b\u767b\u9678\u5357\u6975\u5927\u9678\u7684\u5404\u500b\u5730\u5340\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57281821\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6d77\u8c79\u6f01\u592b\u7d0d\u6492\u5c3c\u723e\u00b7\u5e15\u723e\u9ed8\u767b\u9678\u5357\u6975\u534a\u5cf6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57281823\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u6c34\u624b\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u97cb\u5fb7\u723e\uff08James Weddell\uff09\u62b5\u9054\u97cb\u5fb7\u723e\u6d77\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1840\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u6d77\u8ecd\u7684\u67e5\u723e\u65af\u00b7\u97cb\u514b\u65af\uff08Charles Wilkes\uff09\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u97cb\u514b\u65af\u5cf6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1853\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u6f01\u592b\u58a8\u5361\u6258\u00b7\u5eab\u73c0\uff08Mercator Cooper\uff09\u62b5\u9054\u4e86\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u5927\u9678\u6771\u5357\u6975\u5730\u5340\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96d6\u7136\u9084\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u63a2\u96aa\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u5730\u9ede\u4e0d\u592a\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u7c21\u7565\u63d0\u53ca\u9019\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2 id=\"\uff13-\u5927\u5357\u6975\u63a2\u7d22\u6642\u4ee3\">\u5927\u5357\u6975\u63a2\u7d22\u6642\u4ee3<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hatena-fotolife\" title=\"f:id:titioya:20090528030319j:plain\" src=\"https:\/\/gptno1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20090528030319.jpg\" alt=\"f:id:titioya:20090528030319j:plain\" width=\"435\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"group w-full text-token-text-primary border-b border-black\/10 dark:border-gray-900\/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-40\">\n<div class=\"p-4 justify-center text-base md:gap-6 md:py-6 m-auto\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-1 gap-4 text-base mx-auto md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-[38rem] xl:max-w-3xl }\">\n<div class=\"relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3 max-w-full\">\n<div class=\"min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-3 overflow-x-auto whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea19\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u9032\u5165\u4e86\u5927\u5357\u6975\u63a2\u96aa\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u521d\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u7d04\u7ff0\u00b7\u9ed8\u91cc\u7235\u58eb\uff08John Murray\uff09\u5728\u7687\u5bb6\u5730\u7406\u5b78\u6703\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa&#8221;\u70ba\u4e86\u4e86\u89e3\u5357\u6975\u7684\u5730\u7406\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9032\u884c\u6709\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u63a2\u96aa&#8221;\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u8981\u6c42\u6d89\u53ca\u5730\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u6c23\u8c61\u5b78\u7b49\u9818\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5192\u96aa\u611b\u597d\u8005\u88ab\u6fc0\u767c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6e34\u671b\u53c3\u8207\u9019\u9805&#8221;\u4eba\u985e\u5c1a\u672a\u9054\u6210\u7684\u5049\u5927\u6210\u5c31&#8221;\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u9818\u5c0e\u9019\u4e00\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u5011\u5ba3\u63da\u5357\u6975\u5927\u9678\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5192\u96aa\u8005\u548c\u82f1\u52c7\u7684\u63a2\u96aa\u5bb6\u5011\u7684\u63a2\u96aa\u4e8b\u8de1\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u570b\u5bb6\u5a01\u671b\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u60c5\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7e3d\u5171\u6709\u4f86\u81ea10\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u768417\u652f\u63a2\u96aa\u968a\u88ab\u6d3e\u5f80\u5357\u6975\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u63a2\u96aa\u7684\u6982\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"flex justify-between lg:block\">\n<div class=\"text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-2 md:gap-3 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible\">\n<div class=\"flex gap-1\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"3-1-\u30d9\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u5357\u6975\u9060\u5f81\u968a1897-1899\">\u6bd4\u5229\u6642\u5357\u6975\u9060\u5f81\u968a\uff081897-1899\uff09<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hatena-fotolife\" title=\"f:id:titioya:20150808102957j:plain\" src=\"https:\/\/gptno1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20150808102957.jpg\" alt=\"f:id:titioya:20150808102957j:plain\" width=\"442\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u7387\u5148\u63a2\u7d22\u5357\u6975\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u7531\u6bd4\u5229\u6642\u9996\u5148\u6293\u4f4f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bd4\u5229\u6642\u6d77\u8ecd\u8ecd\u5b98\u963f\u5fb7\u91cc\u5b89\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u683c\u62c9\u4ec0\uff08Adrien de Gerlache\uff09\u5e36\u9818\u5730\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u7b49\u5925\u4f34\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u5275\u5efa\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u5357\u6975\u5730\u5716\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5229\u6642\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7d93\u8cbb\u90fd\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u529b\u7c4c\u63aa\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hatena-fotolife\" title=\"f:id:titioya:20150808103405j:plain\" src=\"https:\/\/gptno1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20150808103405.jpg\" alt=\"f:id:titioya:20150808103405j:plain\" width=\"204\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u683c\u62c9\u4ec0\u968a\u6210\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u9996\u652f\u6210\u529f\u5728\u5357\u6975\u8d8a\u51ac\u7684\u968a\u4f0d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u4e00\u6574\u5e74\u7684\u6c23\u8c61\u6578\u64da\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8a72\u968a\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u5357\u7def71\u5ea630\u5206\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u6d77\u5cfd\uff0c\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u683c\u62c9\u4ec0\u6d77\u5cfd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"32-\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u30b5\u30b6\u30f3\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u9060\u5f811898-1900\">\u82f1\u570b\u5357\u5341\u5b57\u661f\u9060\u5f81\uff081898-1900\uff09<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hatena-fotolife\" title=\"f:id:titioya:20150808105130j:plain\" src=\"https:\/\/gptno1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20150808105130.jpg\" alt=\"f:id:titioya:20150808105130j:plain\" width=\"497\" \/><\/h3>\n<p>\u5357\u5341\u5b57\u661f\u9060\u5f81\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u9996\u6b21\u6d3e\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u652f\u63a2\u96aa\u968a\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u524d\u5f80\u5357\u6975\u9ede\u7684\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u968a\u7b49\u591a\u652f\u968a\u4f0d\u7684\u5148\u884c\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u968a\u9577\u5361\u65af\u6ed5\u00b7\u535a\u723e\u514b\u683c\u840a\u6587\u514b\uff08Carsten Borchgrevink\uff09\u7684\u7236\u89aa\u662f\u632a\u5a01\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u5728\u632a\u5a01\u51fa\u751f\u3002\u8a72\u968a\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u5927\u591a\u4f86\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u8996\u70ba&#8221;\u975e\u82f1\u570b\u4eba\u7684\u968a\u4f0d&#8221;\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u7c4c\u63aa\u8cc7\u91d1\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u6975\u5927\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hatena-fotolife\" title=\"f:id:titioya:20150808115722j:plain\" src=\"https:\/\/gptno1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20150808115722.jpg\" alt=\"f:id:titioya:20150808115722j:plain\" width=\"185\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8cc7\u91d1\u4f86\u81ea\u96dc\u8a8c\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u55ac\u6cbb\u00b7\u7d10\u5167\u65af\u52f3\u7235\uff08Lord George Newnes\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u662f&#8221;\u5fc5\u9808\u61f8\u639b\u82f1\u570b\u570b\u65d7\u524d\u9032&#8221;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u535a\u723e\u514b\u683c\u840a\u6587\u514b\u968a\u9996\u6b21\u651c\u5e36\u96ea\u6a47\u548c\u72d7\u96bb\u9032\u884c\u63a2\u96aa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u7f85\u65af\u6d77\u6d77\u5cb8\u7684\u4e9e\u5fb7\u723e\u89d2\uff08Cape Adare\uff09\u8d8a\u51ac\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u591a\u9805\u79d1\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5e36\u56de\u7684\u6578\u64da\u91cf\u9060\u9060\u5c11\u65bc\u9810\u671f\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4e26\u672a\u53d6\u5f97\u986f\u8457\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f88\u5feb\u88ab\u907a\u5fd8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"3-3-\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30d0\u30ea\u30fc\u9060\u5f811901-1904\">\u82f1\u570b\u767c\u73fe\u9060\u5f81\uff081901-1904\uff09<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hatena-fotolife\" title=\"f:id:titioya:20150808111129j:plain\" src=\"https:\/\/gptno1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20150808111129.jpg\" alt=\"f:id:titioya:20150808111129j:plain\" width=\"438\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u6b21\u9060\u5f81\u662f\u7531\u82f1\u570b\u7687\u5bb6\u5b78\u6703\u548c\u7687\u5bb6\u5730\u7406\u5b78\u6703\u7d44\u7e54\u7684&#8221;\u82f1\u570b\u9996\u6b21\u6b63\u5f0f\u9060\u5f81&#8221;\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f&#8221;\u4e86\u89e3\u5357\u6975\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u74b0\u5883\u3001\u72c0\u614b\u548c\u7bc4\u570d&#8221;\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca&#8221;\u7814\u7a76\u5357\u7def40\u5ea6\u4ee5\u5357\u7684\u5730\u78c1\u5834\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u6c23\u8c61\u5b78\u3001\u6d77\u6d0b\u5b78\u3001\u5730\u8cea\u5b78\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u8abf\u67e5\u548c\u7814\u7a76&#8221;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5230\u9054\u5357\u6975\u9ede\u9084\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u7d42\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u7531\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u65af\u79d1\u7279\uff08Robert Scott\uff09\u3001\u6b50\u5167\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u6c99\u514b\u723e\u9813\uff08Ernest Shackleton\uff09\u7b49\u9818\u5c0e\u7684\u63a2\u96aa\u968a\u5728\u70ba\u671f\u56db\u5e74\u7684\u9060\u5f81\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5730\u8cea\u5b78\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u5b78\u548c\u5730\u7406\u5b78\u6210\u5c31\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hatena-fotolife\" title=\"f:id:titioya:20150808115812j:plain\" src=\"https:\/\/gptno1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20150808115812.jpg\" alt=\"f:id:titioya:20150808115812j:plain\" width=\"211\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5118\u7ba1\u5728\u9019\u6b21\u9060\u5f81\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u72d7\u62c9\u96ea\u6a47\u548c\u6ed1\u96ea\uff0c\u4f46\u719f\u7df4\u7684\u4eba\u6578\u6709\u9650\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u672c\u4eba\u66f4\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u4eba\u529b\u904b\u8f38\uff0c\u4e26\u8f15\u8996\u4e86\u5728\u96ea\u5730\u4e0a\u9ad8\u6548\u79fb\u52d5\u7684\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u5f8c\u4f86\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u968a\u7684\u60b2\u5287\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"3-4-\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u30b3\u30fc\u968a\u9060\u5f811903-1905\">\u6cd5\u570b\u590f\u723e\u79d1\u9060\u5f81\uff081903-1905\uff09<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hatena-fotolife\" title=\"f:id:titioya:20150808114212j:plain\" src=\"https:\/\/gptno1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20150808114212.jpg\" alt=\"f:id:titioya:20150808114212j:plain\" width=\"460\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u570b\u5728\u5357\u6975\u7684\u63a2\u96aa\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u8457\u5169\u6b21\u7684\u7d00\u9304\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u662f\u57281772\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u5e03\u5217\u5854\u5c3c\u5730\u5340\u7684\u63a2\u96aa\u5bb6\u4f0a\u592b\u00b7\u7d04\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u514b\u723e\u70cf\u96f7\u7d0d\u7279\u52d2\u99ac\u840a\u514b\uff08Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Tremarec\uff09\u5728\u8def\u661315\u4e16\u7d71\u6cbb\u6642\u671f\u9032\u884c\u7684\u63a2\u96aa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u662f\u57281837\u5e74\u52301840\u5e74\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u7531\u6731\u723e\u00b7\u8fea\u00b7\u8499\u7b2c\u5c14\u7ef4\u5c14\uff08Jules Dumont d&#8217;Urville\uff09\u9032\u884c\u7684\u5357\u534a\u7403\u63a2\u96aa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u63a2\u96aa\u4e2d\uff0c\u8499\u7b2c\u5c14\u7ef4\u5c14\u9760\u8fd1\u5357\u6975\u5927\u9678\u6cbf\u5cb8\u7d044\u516c\u91cc\u8655\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u52d5\u7269\u6a23\u672c\u7684\u63a1\u96c6\u7b49\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u80fd\u5be6\u73fe\u5728\u5927\u9678\u4e0a\u9678\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u63a2\u96aa\u7684\u968a\u9577\u662f\u8b93-\u5df4\u8482\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u590f\u723e\u79d1\uff08Jean-Baptiste Charcot\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hatena-fotolife\" title=\"f:id:titioya:20150808115623j:plain\" src=\"https:\/\/gptno1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20150808115623.jpg\" alt=\"f:id:titioya:20150808115623j:plain\" width=\"194\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u8a72\u968a\u5728\u5357\u6975\u534a\u5cf6\u6cbf\u5cb8\u822a\u884c\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u63a2\u96aa\u5bb6\u7d04\u7ff0\u00b7\u6bd4\u65af\u79d1\uff08John Biscoe\uff09\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u547d\u540d\u4e86\u6bd4\u65af\u79d1\u534a\u5cf6\u548c\u6bd4\u65af\u79d1\u7063\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u5c1a\u672a\u62b5\u9054\u7684\u6d77\u5cb8\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u6cd5\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71\u827e\u7c73\u723e\u00b7\u5415\u8d1d\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u547d\u540d\u4e86\u5415\u8d1d\u6d77\u5cb8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u82f1\u570b\u5c3c\u83ab\u5fb7\u9060\u5f81\uff081907-1909\uff09<\/h3>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hatena-fotolife\" title=\"f:id:titioya:20150808121314j:plain\" src=\"https:\/\/gptno1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20150808121314.jpg\" alt=\"f:id:titioya:20150808121314j:plain\" width=\"334\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4f86\u81ea\u611b\u723e\u862d\u7684\u5192\u96aa\u5bb6\u5384\u5167\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u6c99\u514b\u723e\u9813\u66fe\u53c3\u52a0\u53f2\u8003\u7279\u968a\u7684\u63a2\u96aa\u9060\u5f81\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u5929\u751f\u7684\u5192\u96aa\u5bb6\uff0c\u56de\u570b\u5f8c\u81ea\u884c\u7c4c\u96c6\u8cc7\u91d1\u7d44\u7e54\u4e86\u4e00\u652f\u9060\u5f81\u968a\u3002\u65bc1907\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u771f\u7684\u555f\u7a0b\u524d\u5f80\u5357\u6975\u9060\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hatena-fotolife\" title=\"f:id:titioya:20150808122305j:plain\" src=\"https:\/\/gptno1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20150808122305.jpg\" alt=\"f:id:titioya:20150808122305j:plain\" width=\"179\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6c99\u514b\u723e\u9813\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u78ba\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u9054\u5230&#8221;\u5357\u6975\u9ede&#8221;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u65bc\u8cc7\u91d1\u5331\u4e4f\uff0c\u968a\u4f0d\u4e2d\u4e5f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7121\u6cd5\u5be6\u73fe\u9019\u4e00\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u7576\u6642\u6700\u5357\u7aef\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5357\u7def88\u5ea623\u5206\uff08\u8ddd\u96e2\u5357\u6975\u9ede\u9084\u6709180\u516c\u91cc\uff09\u8655\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e86\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6c99\u514b\u723e\u9813\u6240\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u904b\u8f38\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7d50\u5408\u4e86\u99ac\u3001\u6c7d\u8eca\u548c\u72d7\u62c9\u96ea\u6a47\uff0c\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u9769\u65b0\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u53f2\u8003\u7279\u968a\u4e5f\u6548\u4eff\u4e86\u6c99\u514b\u723e\u9813\u968a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56de\u570b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6c99\u514b\u723e\u9813\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u5927\u773e\u82f1\u96c4\uff0c\u4e26\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u7531\u570b\u738b\u6388\u4e88\u7684\u7235\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"3-6-\u65e5\u672c\u767d\u702c\u63a2\u691c\u968a\u9060\u5f811910-1912\">\u65e5\u672c\u00b7\u767d\u702c\u63a2\u96aa\u968a\u9060\u5f81\uff081910-1912\uff09<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hatena-fotolife\" title=\"f:id:titioya:20150808123446j:plain\" src=\"https:\/\/gptno1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20150808123446.jpg\" alt=\"f:id:titioya:20150808123446j:plain\" \/><\/h4>\n<p>\u9996\u6b21\u5411\u5357\u6975\u6d3e\u9063\u63a2\u96aa\u968a\u7684\u975e\u6b50\u6d32\u570b\u5bb6\u662f\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u968a\u9577\u662f\u9678\u8ecd\u8ecd\u4eba\u00b7\u767d\u7028\u8f5f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u5e7c\u5fd7\u9858\u6210\u70ba\u63a2\u96aa\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e26\u5922\u60f3\u8457\u9054\u5230\u5317\u6975\u9ede\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u65bc1893\u5e74\u53c3\u52a0\u4e86\u5343\u5cf6\u5217\u5cf6\u7684\u63a2\u96aa\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u96a8\u5f8c\u53c3\u52a0\u4e86\u65e5\u4fc4\u6230\u722d\uff0c\u4f46\u57281909\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5922\u60f3\u9054\u5230\u5317\u6975\u9ede\u5df2\u88ab\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u76ae\u723e\u5229\u5be6\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hatena-fotolife\" title=\"f:id:titioya:20150808123836j:plain\" src=\"https:\/\/gptno1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20150808123836.jpg\" alt=\"f:id:titioya:20150808123836j:plain\" width=\"186\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u767d\u7028\u6c7a\u5b9a\u53c3\u52a0\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u4ee5\u9054\u5230\u5357\u6975\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1910\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u642d\u4e58\u958b\u5357\u4e38\u524d\u5f80\u5357\u6975\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9014\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u72d7\u96bb\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u800c\u968a\u54e1\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6469\u64e6\u4e5f\u5c62\u6b21\u767c\u751f\u3002\u57281911\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u5617\u8a66\u62b5\u9054\u5357\u6975\u5927\u9678\uff0c\u4f46\u9762\u81e8\u5230\u9054\u7684\u5371\u96aa\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u906d\u9047\u5230\u51b0\u5c01\u7684\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd4\u56de\u6089\u5c3c\u3002\u96a8\u5f8c\u572811\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u518d\u6b21\u555f\u822a\u524d\u5f80\u5357\u6975\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc1912\u5e741\u670826\u65e5\u767b\u9678\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u6642\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u6717\u968a\u5df2\u7d93\u62b5\u9054\u5357\u6975\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u767b\u9678\u5f8c\uff0c\u767d\u7028\u968a\u91cd\u65b0\u767b\u9678\u514b\u5409\u62c9\u7063\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u7d93\u653e\u68c4\u4e86\u62b5\u9054\u5357\u6975\u9ede\u7684\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u5c07\u5357\u7def80\u5ea65\u5206\u00b7\u897f\u7d93165\u5ea637\u5206\u7a31\u70ba\u201c\u5927\u548c\u96ea\u539f\u201d\uff0c\u4e26\u5ba3\u544a\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8fd4\u56de\u570b\u5167\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u767c\u73fe\u90a3\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4e0d\u662f\u5927\u9678\uff0c\u800c\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u6d6e\u51b0\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u5f8c\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u653e\u68c4\u4e86\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5ba3\u544a\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u81ea\u6b64\u7121\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"3-7-\u30ce\u30eb\u30a6\u30a7\u30fc\u30a2\u30e0\u30f3\u30bb\u30f3\u968a\u9060\u5f811910-1912\">\u632a\u5a01\u963f\u59c6\u767b\u968a\u5357\u6975\u9060\u5f81\uff081910-1912\uff09<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hatena-fotolife\" title=\"f:id:titioya:20150808130143j:plain\" src=\"https:\/\/gptno1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20150808130143.jpg\" alt=\"f:id:titioya:20150808130143j:plain\" width=\"413\" \/><\/p>\n<p>1910\u5e74\u81f31912\u5e74\uff0c\u6311\u6230\u5357\u6975\u9ede\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u63a2\u96aa\u8005\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u632a\u5a01\u7f85\u723e\u00b7\u963f\u59c6\u767b\u968a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u963f\u59c6\u767b\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u5317\u6975\u9ede\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u745e\u5178-\u632a\u5a01\u570b\u738b\u7684\u8d0a\u52a9\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u5730\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u63a5\u8fd1\u4ee5\u53ca\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u548c\u8ecd\u4e8b\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u9019\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u7576\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u7c4c\u96c6\u8cc7\u91d1\u3001\u8a08\u5283\u548c\u4eba\u54e1\u65b9\u9762\u70ba\u5317\u6975\u9ede\u7684\u63a2\u96aa\u505a\u6e96\u5099\u6642\uff0c\u537b\u50b3\u4f86\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u63a2\u96aa\u5bb6\u5eab\u514b\u548c\u76ae\u723e\u7684\u5317\u6975\u9ede\u5230\u9054\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u5f97\u963f\u59c6\u767b\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u616e\u8a08\u5283\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u5011\u516c\u958b\u5ba3\u5e03\u8a08\u5283\u6539\u70ba\u5357\u6975\u9ede\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u53cd\u5c0d\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u8cc7\u91d1\u4f86\u6e90\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6b3a\u9a19\u5730\u8aaa&#8221;\u5728\u524d\u5f80\u5317\u6975\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u9996\u5148\u505c\u7559\u5728\u5357\u6975&#8221;\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u555f\u7a0b\u524d\u5f80\u5357\u6975\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u968a\u4f0d\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u90fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u5357\u6975\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hatena-fotolife\" title=\"f:id:titioya:20150808130923j:plain\" src=\"https:\/\/gptno1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20150808130923.jpg\" alt=\"f:id:titioya:20150808130923j:plain\" 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id=\"3-6-\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u30c6\u30e9\u30ce\u30d0\u9060\u5f811910-1912\">\u632a\u5a01\u963f\u59c6\u767b\u968a\u5357\u6975\u9060\u5f81\uff081910-1912\uff09<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hatena-fotolife\" title=\"f:id:titioya:20150808130345j:plain\" src=\"https:\/\/gptno1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20150808130345.jpg\" alt=\"f:id:titioya:20150808130345j:plain\" width=\"426\" 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id=\"3-8-\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u5e1d\u56fd\u5357\u6975\u6a2a\u65ad\u63a2\u691c\u968a1914-1917\">\u82f1\u570b\u5e1d\u570b\u5357\u6975\u6a6b\u8d8a\u63a2\u96aa\u968a\uff081914-1917\uff09<\/h4>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hatena-fotolife\" title=\"f:id:titioya:20150808144925j:plain\" src=\"https:\/\/gptno1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20150808144925.jpg\" alt=\"f:id:titioya:20150808144925j:plain\" width=\"216\" 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id=\"\uff16-\u5357\u6975\u306f\u8ab0\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3060\">\u5357\u6975\u662f\u8ab0\u7684\u9818\u571f\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hatena-fotolife\" title=\"f:id:titioya:20150808141642p:plain\" src=\"https:\/\/gptno1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20150808141642.png\" alt=\"f:id:titioya:20150808141642p:plain\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u81ea1908\u5e74\u859b\u514b\u9813\u9996\u6b21\u5ba3\u4f48\u5230\u9054\u8a72\u5730\u5340\u4e26\u8072\u7a31\u5176\u70ba\u82f1\u570b\u9818\u571f\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5404\u570b\u7af6\u76f8\u5ba3\u4f48\u4e86\u5c0d\u5357\u6975\u7684\u300c\u9818\u6709\u6b0a\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hatena-fotolife\" title=\"f:id:titioya:20150808142407p:plain\" src=\"https:\/\/gptno1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20150808142407.png\" alt=\"f:id:titioya:20150808142407p:plain\" width=\"415\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 80%;\">Worked by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/User:Lokal_Profil\">Lokal_Profil<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hatena-fotolife\" title=\"f:id:titioya:20150808143358p:plain\" src=\"https:\/\/gptno1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20150808143358.png\" alt=\"f:id:titioya:20150808143358p:plain\" width=\"430\" 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