\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u70ba\u671f\u4e2d\u8003\u611f\u5230\u6182\u9b31\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8ddf\u4e0a\u8ab2\u7a0b\u800c\u52aa\u529b\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6703\u63a1\u7528\u908a\u8b80\u8ab2\u672c\u908a\u505a\u7b46\u8a18\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u56de\u982d\u91cd\u8b80\u7b46\u8a18\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u6703\u7528\u87a2\u5149\u7b46\u756b\u91cd\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9019\u4e9b\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5c0d\u8003\u524d\u81e8\u6642\u62b1\u4f5b\u8173\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u5c07\u6240\u5b78\u5167\u5bb9\u9577\u671f\u8a18\u61b6\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u4e26\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\u3002\u5176\u5be6\u6709\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u978f\u56fa\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u7acb\u523b\u505a\u7b46\u8a18\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5148\u82b1\u6642\u9593\u5728\u8166\u4e2d\u6574\u7406\u6240\u5b78\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8a8d\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u300aSmart Teaching Stronger Learning: Practical Tips From 10 Cognitive Scientists\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u7684\u4f5c\u8005 Pooja K. Agarwal \u8868\u793a\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u5e38\u4ee5\u70ba\u8d8a\u8f15\u9b06\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8d8a\u5bb9\u6613\u8a18\u4f4f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n
\u25c6\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u300c\u5b78\u7fd2\u65b9\u6cd5\u300d\u8ff7\u601d \u793e\u7fa4\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e0a\u5145\u65a5\u8457\u8a31\u591a\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u6548\u679c\u4e0d\u5f70\u7684\u300c\u5b78\u7fd2\u65b9\u6cd5\u300d\u3002Agarwal \u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u6642\u56bc\u53e3\u9999\u7cd6\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u805e\u7cbe\u6cb9\u4f86\u523a\u6fc0\u5927\u8166\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b78\u7fd2\u6548\u679c\u3002\u807d\u97f3\u6a02\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n
\u300c\u9019\u6216\u8a31\u80fd\u8b93\u4f60\u5fc3\u60c5\u8b8a\u597d\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u9632\u6b62\u6253\u778c\u7761\u3002\u4f46\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u63d0\u9ad8\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u6548\u679c\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n
\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u6d1b\u6749\u78ef\u5206\u6821\uff08UCLA\uff09\u8a8d\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u69ae\u8b7d\u6559\u6388 Robert Bjork \u8868\u793a\uff0c\u7528\u87a2\u5149\u7b46\u5283\u7dda\u3001\u756b\u5e95\u7dda\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u53cd\u8986\u95b1\u8b80\u7b46\u8a18\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u80fd\u8b93\u4eba\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u5167\u96c6\u4e2d\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u7522\u751f\u300c\u6709\u5728\u5b78\u7fd2\u300d\u7684\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u4f46\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u9577\u671f\u5b78\u7fd2\u6c92\u6709\u592a\u5927\u6548\u679c\u3002Bjork \u6559\u6388\u8207\u59bb\u5b50 Elizabeth Bjork \u5171\u540c\u5728\u8a72\u5927\u5b78\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u7fd2\u8207\u907a\u5fd8\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u3002<\/p>\n
Bjork \u6559\u6388\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u7a2e\u300e\u96c6\u4e2d\u5f0f\u7684\u91cd\u8907\u7df4\u7fd2\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u6703\u6d6a\u8cbb\u5927\u91cf\u6642\u9593\u300f\u3002\u300d\u300c\u6709\u4e9b\u5b78\u751f\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u81ea\u5f9e\u4ed6\u5011\u958b\u59cb\u7528\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b78\u7fd2\u5f8c\uff0c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u6642\u9593\u5927\u5e45\u6e1b\u5c11\u4e86\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n
\u25c6\u523b\u610f\u300c\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u9ede\u96e3\u5ea6\u300d Bjork \u6559\u6388\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u91cd\u8907\u505a\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u5728\u5b78\u7fd2\u6642\u65bd\u52a0\u9069\u5ea6\u7684\u8ca0\u8377\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u6703\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8ca0\u8377\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u7a0d\u5fae\u52d5\u8166\u601d\u8003\u4ee5\u56de\u61b6\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u65e5\u5f8c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u63d0\u53d6\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u300c\u60f3\u8d77\u7df4\u7fd2\u300d\uff08retrieval practice\uff09\u3002Agarwal \u535a\u58eb\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u7a2e\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6578\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981 1 \u5230 2 \u5206\u9418\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9019\u4e0d\u662f\u908a\u8b80\u6587\u7ae0\u908a\u505a\u7b46\u8a18\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5148\u8b80\u5e7e\u9801\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u66ab\u6642\u95d4\u4e0a\u66f8\u672c\uff0c\u5beb\u4e0b\u4f60\u8a18\u5f97\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u518d\u7e7c\u7e8c\u95b1\u8b80\u3002<\/p>\n
Agarwal \u535a\u58eb\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u52aa\u529b\u56de\u60f3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u300e\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u300f\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u9577\u671f\u5b78\u7fd2\u3002\u300d\u300c\u9019\u662f\u7d93\u904e\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u548c\u6559\u5ba4\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u8b49\u5be6\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u548c\u6559\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n
\u8056\u8def\u6613\u65af\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5927\u5b78\u8a8d\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u5b78\u7fd2\u79d1\u5b78\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u8b93\u5b83\u9ecf\u4f4f\uff1a\u6210\u529f\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u300b\uff08Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning\uff09\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u8005 Henry L. "Roddy" Roediger \u6559\u6388\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u60f3\u8d77\u7df4\u7fd2\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u5beb\u4e0b\u8a18\u5f97\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3001\u5411\u5b78\u7fd2\u5925\u4f34\u89e3\u91cb\u3001\u6216\u662f\u5728\u8166\u4e2d\u56de\u60f3\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u88ab\u8b49\u5be6\u6709\u6548\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5728\u8166\u4e2d\u56de\u60f3\u6642\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n
Roediger \u6559\u6388\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u53ea\u662f\u77a5\u4e00\u773c\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u60f3\u8457\u300e\u554a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u300f\u662f\u4e0d\u884c\u7684\u3002\u300d\u300c\u4f60\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u8166\u4e2d\u5c07\u5167\u5bb9\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u9054\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n
\u25c6\u8907\u7fd2\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u82b1 1 \u5206\u9418\u56de\u60f3 \u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u5929\u8907\u7fd2\u76f8\u540c\u5167\u5bb9\u6642\uff0c\u5728\u6253\u958b\u6559\u6750\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u82b1 1 \u5206\u9418\u56de\u60f3\u4e4b\u524d\u5b78\u904e\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6642\u9593\u5141\u8a31\uff0c\u5beb\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u4f60\u8a18\u5f97\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002Agarwal \u535a\u58eb\u5c07\u6b64\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u8166\u529b\u50be\u7009\u300d\uff08braindump\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u56de\u9867\u81ea\u5df1\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u5f8c\u8a2d\u8a8d\u77e5\u300d\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u81ea\u5df1\u601d\u8003\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8a66\u8457\u554f\u81ea\u5df1\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5b78\u7fd2\u6642\uff0c\u6700\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u300d\u300c\u5f9e 0 \u5230 100 \u5206\uff0c\u4f60\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u300d<\/p>\n
Agarwal \u535a\u58eb\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u662f\u5c07\u56de\u60f3\u7df4\u7fd2\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u6548\u679c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u300d\u300c\u77e5\u8b58\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u5c31\u8d8a\u6df1\u5165\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n
\u25c6\u8207\u5176\u96c6\u4e2d\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u5206\u6563\u6642\u9593 \u8b80\u5b8c\u6587\u7ae0\u6216\u7b46\u8a18\u5f8c\u7acb\u5373\u91cd\u8b80\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u4eba\u611f\u89ba\u597d\u50cf\u8a18\u5f97\u5f88\u7262\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u300c\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u932f\u89ba\u300d\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u61c9\u4ed8\u773c\u524d\u7684\u8003\u8a66\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
Agarwal \u535a\u58eb\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e5f\u6709\u6548\u679c\u3002\u300d\u300c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c07\u5b78\u7fd2\u6642\u9593\u5206\u6563\uff0c\u9577\u671f\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u6548\u679c\u6703\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u9031\u4e94\u8003\u8a66\u524d\u96c6\u4e2d\u5b78\u7fd2 3 \u5c0f\u6642\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u8003\u8a66\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5f88\u5feb\u5fd8\u8a18\u6240\u5b78\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
Agarwal \u535a\u58eb\u89e3\u91cb\u8aaa\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u540c\u6a23\u662f 3 \u5c0f\u6642\uff0c\u4f46\u5b78\u751f\u5728\u9031\u4e00\u3001\u9031\u4e09\u548c\u9031\u4e94\u5404\u5b78\u7fd2 1 \u5c0f\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u50c5\u80fd\u5728\u8003\u8a66\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u597d\u6210\u7e3e\uff0c\u9084\u80fd\u66f4\u9577\u6642\u9593\u5730\u8a18\u4f4f\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u25c6\u300c\u907a\u5fd8\u300d\u4e5f\u662f\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206 Agarwal \u535a\u58eb\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u5c0d\u907a\u5fd8\u611f\u5230\u7126\u616e\u6216\u6cae\u55aa\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u8a18\u4f4f\uff0c\u907a\u5fd8\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n
\u7a0d\u5fae\u5fd8\u8a18\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u8a66\u8457\u56de\u60f3\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5b78\u7fd2\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u61c9\u8a72\u907f\u514d\u71ac\u591c\u5b78\u7fd2\u3002\u7f85\u8fea\u683c\u5148\u751f\u89e3\u91cb\u8aaa\uff0c\u8981\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b78\u7fd2\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e26\u975e\u552f\u4e00\u95dc\u9375\u3002\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u7761\u7720\u80fd\u8b93\u7576\u5929\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u978f\u56fa\u3002<\/p>\n
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